Influence of Material and Process Parameters on Reduction-Swelling Characteristics of Sintered Iron Pellets

This paper investigates the use of shop-floor ferrous scrap that contains iron ore as a raw material for purpose making steel products through an in situ carbothermic reduction. The technique powder metallurgy (PM) was used studying reduction followed by densification during sintering. Two sources oxide—ferrous grinding-sludge and ore—and three carbonaceous material—graphite, charcoal, carbon black—were considered. added to oxide after calculating stoichiometric requirement facilitating both direct direct–indirect involves simultaneous change weight volume. During sintering, takes place often results severe volumetric changes. test revealed degree (DOR) (DOD) grinding sludge (GS) be 15% 45% higher, respectively, than (IO). is essentially due presence distinct iron-oxide phases coupled with greater amenability occurrence Indirect also took contributed improving final products. Overall, shape stability sintered found optimized when parameter settings graphite (from 25% excess 50% excess) were added, compaction pressure 1050 MPa applied, sintering temperature 1200 °C employed. Hence, can chosen reduced manufacture cost-efficient eco-friendly structural components marginal compromise on purity strength